Buy Potassium Bromide
Potassium Bromide, also known as Bromide Salt of Potassium, and Hydrobromic Acid Potassium Salt, have the chemical formula BrK or KBr. It appears as odorless colorless crystals or white crystalline powder or white granular solid with a pungent bitter saline taste and is soluble in Water at ambient conditions. It can be produced by mixing and heating iron bromide with potassium carbonate. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of potassium oxide and hydrogen bromides. Lab grade chemicals possess reasonable purity but do not comply with any official standard for quality or purity like the ACS Grade, the USP Grade, or the FCC Grade. The Lab Grade is also known as Laboratory Reagent (LR) and Chemically Pure (CP). Our Potassium Bromide, Lab Grade is recommended for educational institutes and research labs.
buy potassium bromide
A review of published literature, such as the one done by FDA for potassium bromide, is an example of an innovative approach to potentially show the safety of a drug for a particular use. Literature reviews may be especially helpful to establish the safety of an animal drug that has a long history of use and many literature references, like KBr.
Potassium bromide (KBr) is a salt, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with over-the-counter use extending to 1975 in the US. Its action is due to the bromide ion (sodium bromide is equally effective). Potassium bromide is used as a veterinary drug, as an antiepileptic medication for dogs.
Potassium bromide, a typical ionic salt, is fully dissociated and near pH 7 in aqueous solution. It serves as a source of bromide ions. This reaction is important for the manufacture of silver bromide for photographic film:
The anticonvulsant properties of potassium bromide were first noted by Sir Charles Locock at a meeting of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society in 1857. Bromide can be regarded as the first effective medication for epilepsy. At the time, it was commonly thought that epilepsy was caused by masturbation.[6] Locock noted that bromide calmed sexual excitement and thought this was responsible for his success in treating seizures. In the latter half of the 19th century, potassium bromide was used for the calming of seizure and nervous disorders on an enormous scale, with the use by single hospitals being as much as several tons a year (the dose for a given person being a few grams per day).[6] By the beginning of the 20th century the generic word had become so widely associated with being sedate that bromide came to mean a dull, sedate person or a boring platitude uttered by such a person.[7]
There was not a better epilepsy drug until phenobarbital in 1912. The British Army has historically been claimed to lace soldiers' tea with bromide to quell sexual arousal but that is likely untrue as doing so would also diminish alertness in battle.[citation needed] Several other substances have also been named in anaphrodisiac myths.
Bromide compounds, especially sodium bromide, remained in over-the-counter sedatives and headache remedies (such as the original formulation of Bromo-Seltzer) in the US until 1975, when bromides were outlawed in all over-the-counter medicines, due to chronic toxicity.[8] Bromide's exceedingly long half life in the body made it difficult to dose without side effects. Medical use of bromides in the US was discontinued at this time, as many better and shorter-acting sedatives were known by then.
Potassium bromide is used in veterinary medicine to treat epilepsy in dogs, either as first-line treatment or in addition to phenobarbital, when seizures are not adequately controlled with phenobarbital alone.[5] Use of bromide in cats is limited because it carries a substantial risk of causing lung inflammation (pneumonitis) in them. The use of bromide as a treatment drug for animals means that veterinary medical diagnostic laboratories are able as a matter of routine to measure serum levels of bromide on order of a veterinarian, whereas human medical diagnostic labs in the US do not measure bromide as a routine test.
The therapeutic index (ratio of effectiveness to toxicity) for bromide is small. As with other antiepileptics, sometimes even therapeutic doses (3 to 5 grams per day, taking 6 to 8 weeks to reach stable levels) may give rise to intoxication. Often indistinguishable from 'expected' side-effects, these include:
Potassium bromide is transparent from the near ultraviolet to long-wave infrared wavelengths (0.25-25 µm) and has no significant optical absorption lines in its high transmission region.It is used widely as infrared optical windows and components for general spectroscopy because of its wide spectral range. In infrared spectroscopy, samples are analyzed by grinding with powdered potassium bromide and pressing into a disc. Alternatively, samples may be analyzed as a liquid film (neat, as a solution, or in a mull with Nujol) between two polished potassium bromide discs.[10]
In addition to manufacture of silver bromide, potassium bromide is used as a restrainer in black and white developer formulas. It improves differentiation between exposed and unexposed crystals of silver halide, and thus reduces fog.[11]
Bromides (brand names: K-BroVet, Libromide also known as KBr) are a group of anticonvulsants used to treat seizures in dogs, either as a primary or adjunctive therapy. The two most commonly used bromides are potassium bromide and sodium bromide.
Do not use bromides in pets that are allergic to it. It should be used cautiously in older pets, pets with kidney disease, pregnant or lactating pets, or in those that have other diseases; use lower doses in these cases. It should be used with extreme caution or not at all in cats as it can cause serious side effects.
Potassium Bromide (KBr) is a crystalline compound of potassium and bromide with a rock-salt type structure. It is used in optical applications in the UV, Visible, MWIR, and LWIR waveband regions. KBr has a melting point of 730C and must be used in a moisture-free environment as the polished surfaces degrade in a moist atmosphere.
Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to owners of 29 dogs under management for suspected or diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy through the clinics of the Small Animal Hospital of the University of Glasgow Veterinary School, using either phenobarbitone or potassium bromide alone or in combination.
Potassium bromide is an antiepileptic drug that is used in dogs to control seizures that are not controlled by phenobarbital alone, or in dogs that do not tolerate phenobarbital well. Potassium bromide works by decreasing seizure activity within the central nervous system. Cats are less likely to be treated with potassium bromide because they have a relatively high incidence of side effects.
Potassium bromide is used alone or in combination with other anti-convulsant medications to help control and prevent seizures. Potassium bromide is administered primarily to dogs and less frequently to cats.
When animals begin potassium bromide therapy, especially while receiving phenobarbital, they may experience some sedation. These signs should resolve in a few weeks. Other potential side effects include increased drinking and urination, changes in appetite, vomiting, and constipation.
Signs of potassium bromide toxicosis may also appear if the pet is switched to a low-salt diet. At the same time, increases in dietary salt, from a dietary change or high-salt treats may reduce the potassium bromide level, increasing the risk of seizures. If your pet is receiving potassium bromide therapy, dietary changes should not be made without consulting your veterinarian.
When animals experience signs of potassium bromide toxicosis, the medication is usually discontinued for a few days. The veterinarian may recommend that the pet be hospitalized to receive intravenous fluids. The medication may then be restarted at a lower dose, or the animal may be given a different medication instead.
Bromide is a type of medication used to treat severe epilepsy, particularly causing myoclonic seizures. Bromide comes in two formulations: triple bromide (contains three different variations of bromide: ammonium bromide, potassium bromide and sodium bromide) and potassium bromide. The precise way it works to help epilepsy is unclear but it has been used safely for over 150 years. This page from Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) explains about bromide, how it is given and some of its possible side effects.
The elixir has an unpleasant taste so the dose should be mixed with a small amount of undiluted no-added-sugar squash. Most children find blackcurrant squash works best for masking the taste but you can try other flavours if your child prefers them. Undiluted squash will mask a lot of the taste but some children will still be unable to cope with it. If this occurs, the doctor may suggest trying the bromide tablets instead.
Some medicines can react with bromide, altering how well it works. Always check with your doctor or pharmacist before giving your child any other medicines, including herbal or complementary medicines.
Potassium bromate (KBrO3), is a flour "improver" that strengthens dough and allows for greater oven spring and higher rising in the oven. Potassium bromate, commonly referred to as simply "bromate," is a slow-acting oxidizer, contributing its functionality throughout the mixing, fermentation and proofing stages, with important residual action during the early stages of baking. Azodicarbonamide (ADA), potassium and calcium iodate, and calcium peroxide are rapid-acting oxidizers, while ascorbic acid (vitamin C) works at intermediate rates, but all release their activity in mixing and proofing. Bromate, when applied within the prescribed limits (15-30ppm), is completely used up during the bake leaving no trace in the finished product. However, if too much is used, or the bread is not baked long enough or at a high enough temperature, then a residual amount will remain. 041b061a72